Random variables
The measurements that form an image show statistical fluctuations. The image is characterised by a probability density function (PDF). The PDF f describes the probability of the occurrence of a discrete grey level q in the range of grey levels Q.
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Probability density functions and histograms
The PDF of an image can be calculated and displayed using the pylab.hist function or it can be calculated using the scipy.histogram function.
ASAR image of sea ice
The received power (intensity) of a radar system is proportional to the normalized radar backscatter coefficient
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as a function of frequency and incidence angle. The backscatter coefficient describes how much of the transmitted energy is backscattered from the surface media.
A (calibrated) ASAR image is made of the measured intensities I.