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| {{attachment:seaice_intensity.png}} | {{attachment:seaice_intensity.png}} {{attachment:seaice_intensity_db.png}} |
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| The received power (intensity) of a radar system is proportional to the normalized radar backscatter coefficient | The received power (intensity) of a radar system is proportional to the (normalized) radar backscatter coefficient |
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| $\sigma^0(\nu,\theta)$ }}} as a function of frequency and incidence angle. |
$\sigma^0(f,\theta)$ }}} as a function of frequency and incidence angle. The backscatter coefficient describes how much of the transmitted energy is backscattered from the surface media. |
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| [[/ExampleCode]] | A (calibrated) ASAR image is made of the measured intensities ''I'' which can be directly related to the backscatter coefficient. A value of zero means that no energy is reflected from the surface whereas a value of one means the total reflection. The PDF of the image above can be estimated from the number of occurrence of grey levels in the ''B'' intervals between ''q'' and ''q+dq'' and displayed using {{{#!python hist(img,bins=500) }}} with the resolution ''B'' for 500 ''bins'' (intervals). [[/ExampleCode|Source code and data]] |
Random variables
The measurements that form an image show statistical fluctuations. The image is characterised by a probability density function (PDF). The PDF f describes the probability of the occurrence of a discrete grey level q in the range of grey levels Q.
latex error! exitcode was 2 (signal 0), transscript follows:
Probability density functions and histograms
The PDF of an image can be calculated and displayed using the pylab.hist function or it can be calculated using the scipy.histogram function.
ASAR image of sea ice
The received power (intensity) of a radar system is proportional to the (normalized) radar backscatter coefficient
latex error! exitcode was 2 (signal 0), transscript follows:
as a function of frequency and incidence angle. The backscatter coefficient describes how much of the transmitted energy is backscattered from the surface media.
A (calibrated) ASAR image is made of the measured intensities I which can be directly related to the backscatter coefficient. A value of zero means that no energy is reflected from the surface whereas a value of one means the total reflection.
The PDF of the image above can be estimated from the number of occurrence of grey levels in the B intervals between q and q+dq and displayed using
1 hist(img,bins=500)
with the resolution B for 500 bins (intervals).