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| The file object is used for reading and writing plain text as well as unformatted binary data. The following Codeline writes a message in the file with the name ''out.txt'' |
The [[http://docs.python.org/lib/bltin-file-objects.html|file object]] can be used for reading and writing plain text as well as unformatted binary data. The following code writes a message in the file with the name ''out.txt'', reads and print the data |
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| file('out.txt','wb').write('Hallo Datentraeger') | file('out.txt','w').write('Hallo Datentraeger') print file('out.txt').read() |
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| The data can be read in with the method '''.read()''' {{{#!python s=file('out.txt').read() print s 'Hallo Datentraeger' }}} |
* {{{write()}}} writes a string to the file * {{{read()}}} reads complete file * {{{read(N)}}} reads N bytes * {{{readlines()}}} reads the file with linebreaks * {{{readline()}}} reads only the next line |
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| NASA's standard file format, the [[http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/index.html||Hierarchical Data Format (HDF)]] is a self-describing data format. HDF files can contain binary data and allow direct access to parts of the file without first parsing the entire contents. The HDF versions 4 and 5 are not compatible. Different modules are available for reading and writing HDF files === pyhdf === [[http://pysclint.sourceforge.net/pyhdf/|pyhdf]] is a python interface to the NCSA HDF4 library. The following example demonstrates how to read level-3 data from the [[http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/misr/level3/download_data.html|MISR instrument]] {{{#!python from scipy import array from pylab import imshow,colorbar,title,savefig from pyhdf.SD import SD f=SD('MISR_AM1_CGLS_MAY_2007_F04_0025.hdf') print f.datasets().keys() data=array(f.select('NDVI average').get()) data[data<0]=0 imshow(data,interpolation='nearest',cmap=cm.YlGn) colorbar() title('Normalized Difference Vegetation Index') savefig('ndvi.png',dpi=100) }}} Line 5 opens the HDF file object. line 6 prints the keywords of the included datasets. From this one can identify the keyword for the desired parameter. Line 7 reads the data in a SciPy array. Line 8 selects the bad data and sets them to zero. {{attachment:ndvi.png}} |
Input/Output
This lesson deals with the ways of reading and writing data
Basic Python
The file object can be used for reading and writing plain text as well as unformatted binary data. The following code writes a message in the file with the name out.txt, reads and print the data
write() writes a string to the file
read() reads complete file
read(N) reads N bytes
readlines() reads the file with linebreaks
readline() reads only the next line
NumPy/SciPy
HDF
NASA's standard file format, the http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/index.html is a self-describing data format. HDF files can contain binary data and allow direct access to parts of the file without first parsing the entire contents.
The HDF versions 4 and 5 are not compatible.
Different modules are available for reading and writing HDF files
pyhdf
pyhdf is a python interface to the NCSA HDF4 library.
The following example demonstrates how to read level-3 data from the MISR instrument
1 from scipy import array
2 from pylab import imshow,colorbar,title,savefig
3 from pyhdf.SD import SD
4
5 f=SD('MISR_AM1_CGLS_MAY_2007_F04_0025.hdf')
6 print f.datasets().keys()
7 data=array(f.select('NDVI average').get())
8 data[data<0]=0
9
10 imshow(data,interpolation='nearest',cmap=cm.YlGn)
11 colorbar()
12 title('Normalized Difference Vegetation Index')
13 savefig('ndvi.png',dpi=100)
Line 5 opens the HDF file object. line 6 prints the keywords of the included datasets. From this one can identify the keyword for the desired parameter. Line 7 reads the data in a SciPy array. Line 8 selects the bad data and sets them to zero.
netCDF